Vol. 7, Issue 2, Part I (2025)

The tribal communities of India form a distinct and significant social group with their own unique cultural heritage, history and way of life, which sets them apart from the mainstream society. Although they have inhabited various regions of India since ancient times, they have long been politically and socio-economically marginalized. However, in recent times, their active participation in regional politics has become particularly noticeable. They are no longer just voters but also representatives at various political levels, playing a role in policy making. This article primarily analyzes how the Santal Scheduled Tribe has established its presence in the political arena, detailing their participation, representation and the challenges and opportunities they face in regional politics. Constitutional safeguards, democratic frameworks, and awareness initiatives play important roles in facilitating their political empowerment, yet they encounter numerous obstacles such as lack of education, poverty, displacement in the name of development, linguistic barriers and administrative neglect, all negatively impacting their political and social status. Often, tribal leaders are compelled to follow party directives rather than prioritize their community’s interests, leading to the neglect of real grassroots issues. Moreover, under the pretext of development, land grabbing and eviction of tribal populations from forest areas have caused discontent, sometimes resulting in extremist reactions. Nonetheless, with the expansion of education and technology use among the new generation, political awareness is growing, fostering a new progressive leadership. Particularly, their direct involvement in local governance (Panchayati Raj) and the decentralization of power have opened new avenues of opportunity for tribal people. Overall, this article discusses how the Santal tribal society is gradually emerging as a significant force in regional politics, overcoming historical marginalization and the various challenges and prospects that lie ahead on their path of progress. The article is based on information collected from various books, journals and internet sources.