Vol. 6, Issue 2, Part E (2024)

Religion is a communal system characterized by shared beliefs and practices, with a strong emphasis on collective worship. Festivals and rituals serve as key moments to unite the community. Anthropologist Edward Tylor (1871) defined religion as a "belief in supernatural beings," which can include magical forces, angels, or the spirits of deceased ancestors. In the tribal region of Himachal Pradesh, Kinnaur, a blend of Hinduism and Buddhism is evident. Lower Kinnaur predominantly follows Hinduism, with both Middle and Lower Kinnaur featuring a deity system that includes both Gods (Devta) and Goddesses (Devi). Each village has a principal deity, as well as subordinate deities. The principal deity is the supreme figure of the village, while the subordinate deity, known as "Kimshu," serves as the household deity. The principal deity functions as the socio-religious and administrative head of the village and everything is carried out with the deity’s consent. Nothing can be done without the deity's approval. Whether starting an economic pursuit, such as trade, or performing ceremonies like marriage, birth, death, or religious festivities, the deity’s advice and approval are essential. The unique bond between the deities and the local community fosters a sense of solidarity, with the people of Kinnaur following the deities' guidance with devotion and joy. This bond is a distinctive feature of the Kinnaur’s culture. An effort was made to understand the unique bond between the deities and the local community, which plays a vital role in fostering unity and solidarity by guiding daily life, decisions, and cultural practices.