Vol. 5, Issue 2, Part B (2023)

The study looks at the fluoride distribution patterns and compatibility assessment in the groundwater of Bhiwani District, Haryana. In most places of the world, groundwater is the primary supply for a variety of uses. A significant problem is the presence of low or high concentrations of specific ions, which render groundwater unfit for use in a variety of applications. For human consumption, a fluoride concentration of at least 0.6 mg/1 is necessary because it will contribute to stronger teeth and bones. Acute to chronic dental fluorosis, in which the tooth turns from yellow to brown, is caused by drinking water containing fluoride at a concentration more than 1.5 mg/day. Long-term usage of water with high fluoride levels can also lead to skeletal fluorosis, which weakens and bends bones. Fluoride concentrations in groundwater can be either naturally occurring, man-made, or a combination of both. An area's geological conditions are linked to natural sources. Fluoride-containing minerals such as apatite, fluorite, biotite, and hornblende can be found in a variety of rocks. Another natural source is fluoride, which is easily soluble in water and found in large concentrations in volcanic ash. Coal burning and agricultural fertilizers are examples of anthropogenic sources of fluoride. Fluoride in irrigation areas is facilitated by phosphate fertilizers. Brick kilns and other businesses use coal, a possible source of fluoride, for burning. To lower fluoride levels before consumption, homes or communities can use exsitu techniques, which are traditional treatment methods like adsorption, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, electrodialysis, coagulation, and precipitation, among others. However, the local conditions of the area, such as the groundwater quality and the source of contamination (natural or man-made), determine which method is best. Since the causes of fluoride pollution are primarily natural and unavoidable, raising public awareness and defluoridating groundwater before consumption are crucial for a healthy world. Fluoride contamination is a major and pervasive issue in many regions of the world.